靜態(tài)路由及浮動靜態(tài)路由-浮動路由和靜態(tài)路由
一、目的
· 1、 掌握靜態(tài)路由的配置方法
· 2、 掌握測試靜態(tài)路由連通性的方法
· 3、 掌握通過配置缺省路由實現(xiàn)本地網(wǎng)絡與外部網(wǎng)絡間的訪問
· 4、 掌握靜態(tài)備份路由的配置方法
二、拓撲
中R1為總部路由器，R2、R3為分支機構(gòu)，總部與分支機構(gòu)間通過以太網(wǎng)實現(xiàn)互連，且當前公司網(wǎng)絡中沒有配置任何路由協(xié)議。
三、步驟
1、 基礎配置和IP地址
在R1、R2和R3上配置設備名稱和IP地址。
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24
執(zhí)行display current-configuration命令，檢查配置情況。
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
......output omit......
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.13.1/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.12.1/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned up down
LoopBack0 10.0.1.1/24 up up(s)
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.0.23.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R2]interface LoopBack0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 unassigned up down
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.12.2/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 10.0.23.2/24 up up
LoopBack0 10.0.2.2/24 up up(s)
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.0.23.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.13.3/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned up down
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 10.0.23.3/24 up up
LoopBack0 10.0.3.3/24 up up(s)
2、執(zhí)行ping命令，檢測R1與其它設備間的連通性。
PING 10.0.12.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
PING 10.0.13.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=6 ms
Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms
執(zhí)行ping命令，檢測R2與其它設備間的連通性。
PING 10.0.23.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=31 ms
Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=31 ms
3、 測試R2到目的網(wǎng)絡10.0.13.0/24、10.0.3.0/24的連通性
PING 10.0.13.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Request time out
Request time out
PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Request time out
Request time out
R2不能與10.0.3.3和10.0.13.3網(wǎng)絡通信。需要有路由到達目的地址
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 13 Routes : 13
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.2.2 LoopBack0
10.0.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
4、在R2上配置靜態(tài)路由
配置目的地址為10.0.13.0/24和10.0.3.0/24的靜態(tài)路由，路由的下一跳配置為R3的G0/0/0接口IP地址10.0.23.3。華為默認靜態(tài)路由優(yōu)先級為60
[R2]ip route-static 10.0.13.0 24 10.0.23.3
[R2]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.23.3
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.2.2 LoopBack0
10.0.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.3.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
10.0.13.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
5、配置備份靜態(tài)路由
R2與網(wǎng)絡10.0.13.3和10.0.3.3之間交互的數(shù)據(jù)通過R2與R3間的鏈路傳輸。如果R2和R3間的鏈路發(fā)生故障，R2將不能與網(wǎng)絡10.0.13.3和10.0.3.3通信。
但是根據(jù)拓撲圖可以看出，當R2和R3間的鏈路發(fā)生故障時，R2還可以通過R1與R3通信。所以可以通過配置一條備份靜態(tài)路由實現(xiàn)路由的冗余備份。正常情況下，備份靜態(tài)路由不生效。當R2和R3間的鏈路發(fā)生故障時，才使用備份靜態(tài)路由傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。
配置備份靜態(tài)路由時，需要修改備份靜態(tài)路由的優(yōu)先級，確保只有主鏈路故障時才使用備份路由。本任務中，需要將備份靜態(tài)路由的優(yōu)先級修改為80。
[R1]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.13.3
[R2]ip route-static 10.0.13.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.1 preference 80
[R2]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.12.1 preference 80
[R3]ip route-static 10.0.12.0 24 10.0.13.1
6、驗證路由
在R2的路由表中，查看當前的靜態(tài)路由配置。
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 15 Routes : 15
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.2.2 LoopBack0
10.0.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.3.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
10.0.13.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
路由表中包含兩條靜態(tài)路由。其中，Protocol字段的值是Static，表明該路由是靜態(tài)路由。Preference字段的值是60，表明該路由使用的是默認優(yōu)先級。
當R2和R3之間鏈路正常時，R2與網(wǎng)絡10.0.13.3和10.0.3.3之間交互的數(shù)據(jù)通過R2與R3間的鏈路傳輸。執(zhí)行tracert命令，可以查看數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸路徑。
traceroute to 10.0.13.3(10.0.13.3), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,
press CTRL_C to break
1 10.0.23.3 40 ms 31 ms 30 ms
traceroute to 10.0.3.3(10.0.3.3), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,
press CTRL_C to break
1 10.0.23.3 40 ms 30 ms 30 ms
命令的回顯信息證實R2將數(shù)據(jù)直接發(fā)送給R3，未經(jīng)過其他設備。
