一、目的

· 1、 掌握靜態路由的配置方法

· 2、 掌握測試靜態路由連通性的方法

· 3、 掌握通過配置缺省路由實現本地網絡與外部網絡間的訪問

· 4、 掌握靜態備份路由的配置方法

二、拓撲

中R1為總部路由器，R2、R3為分支機構，總部與分支機構間通過以太網實現互連，且當前公司網絡中沒有配置任何路由協議。

三、步驟

1、 基礎配置和IP地址

在R1、R2和R3上配置設備名稱和IP地址。

system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R1

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.12.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R1]interface LoopBack 0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24

執行display current-configuration命令，檢查配置情況。

display ip interface brief

Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol

......output omit......

GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.13.1/24 up up

GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.12.1/24 up up

GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned up down

LoopBack0 10.0.1.1/24 up up(s)

system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R2

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.12.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.0.23.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[R2]interface LoopBack0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24

display ip interface brief

Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol

GigabitEthernet0/0/0 unassigned up down

GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.12.2/24 up up

GigabitEthernet0/0/2 10.0.23.2/24 up up

LoopBack0 10.0.2.2/24 up up(s)

system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R3

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.3 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.0.23.3 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[R3]interface LoopBack 0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24

display ip interface brief

Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol

GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.13.3/24 up up

GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned up down

GigabitEthernet0/0/2 10.0.23.3/24 up up

LoopBack0 10.0.3.3/24 up up(s)

2、執行ping命令，檢測R1與其它設備間的連通性。

ping 10.0.12.2

PING 10.0.12.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms

Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms

ping 10.0.13.3

PING 10.0.13.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=6 ms

Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms

執行ping命令，檢測R2與其它設備間的連通性。

ping 10.0.23.3

PING 10.0.23.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=31 ms

Reply from 10.0.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=31 ms

3、 測試R2到目的網絡10.0.13.0/24、10.0.3.0/24的連通性

ping 10.0.13.3

PING 10.0.13.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Request time out

Request time out

ping 10.0.3.3

PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Request time out

Request time out

R2不能與10.0.3.3和10.0.13.3網絡通信。需要有路由到達目的地址

display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 13 Routes : 13

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.0.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.2.2 LoopBack0

10.0.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

4、在R2上配置靜態路由

配置目的地址為10.0.13.0/24和10.0.3.0/24的靜態路由，路由的下一跳配置為R3的G0/0/0接口IP地址10.0.23.3。華為默認靜態路由優先級為60

[R2]ip route-static 10.0.13.0 24 10.0.23.3

[R2]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.23.3

display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.0.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.2.2 LoopBack0

10.0.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.3.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2

10.0.13.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2

5、配置備份靜態路由

R2與網絡10.0.13.3和10.0.3.3之間交互的數據通過R2與R3間的鏈路傳輸。如果R2和R3間的鏈路發生故障，R2將不能與網絡10.0.13.3和10.0.3.3通信。

但是根據拓撲圖可以看出，當R2和R3間的鏈路發生故障時，R2還可以通過R1與R3通信。所以可以通過配置一條備份靜態路由實現路由的冗余備份。正常情況下，備份靜態路由不生效。當R2和R3間的鏈路發生故障時，才使用備份靜態路由傳輸數據。

配置備份靜態路由時，需要修改備份靜態路由的優先級，確保只有主鏈路故障時才使用備份路由。本任務中，需要將備份靜態路由的優先級修改為80。

[R1]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.13.3

[R2]ip route-static 10.0.13.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.1 preference 80

[R2]ip route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.12.1 preference 80

[R3]ip route-static 10.0.12.0 24 10.0.13.1

6、驗證路由

在R2的路由表中，查看當前的靜態路由配置。

display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 15 Routes : 15

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.0.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.2.2 LoopBack0

10.0.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

10.0.3.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2

10.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1

10.0.13.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2

10.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/2

路由表中包含兩條靜態路由。其中，Protocol字段的值是Static，表明該路由是靜態路由。Preference字段的值是60，表明該路由使用的是默認優先級。

當R2和R3之間鏈路正常時，R2與網絡10.0.13.3和10.0.3.3之間交互的數據通過R2與R3間的鏈路傳輸。執行tracert命令，可以查看數據的傳輸路徑。

tracert 10.0.13.3

traceroute to 10.0.13.3(10.0.13.3), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,

press CTRL_C to break

1 10.0.23.3 40 ms 31 ms 30 ms

tracert 10.0.3.3

traceroute to 10.0.3.3(10.0.3.3), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,

press CTRL_C to break

1 10.0.23.3 40 ms 30 ms 30 ms

命令的回顯信息證實R2將數據直接發送給R3，未經過其他設備。